Slavery in Boyd County, Kentucky

by Teresa Martin Klaiber

 Because of the Pandemic, I wish to share some of my past publications, as a gift. Hopefully it will occupy some time as we all stay at home.  Boyd County Kentucky Monographs I was published in 2004.    I will try to share more chapters in the next few days.  These include several more articles and county records concerning slaves. Because it is a converted pdf there are a few line issues and errors which I have corrected where possible.

SLAVERY IN BOYD COUNTY, KENTUCKY

There are two misconceptions leading up to and including the Civil War about slavery. The first is use of the term underground connected with the Underground Railroad- There were no long underground tunnel only small miserable places designed to hide escaping folks temporarily. The second misconception is all those who fought for the Union were against slavery. Though General George Gallup, who settled in Boyd County, Kentucky stated cannot annoy myself with the prospect of Negro equality for only those who desire it will be annoyed. "1

Freedom for slaves who lived even at the edge of the Ohio River could not have been easy. Stand on the Ohio river bank at Ashland. Across the Ohio hills rise up with ragged rocky formations almost from edge. If you want to go north you must first get around this geological mass. However to your right and across from Normal, Kentucky is Solida Creek which empties into the Ohio. Nearby is Burlington said to be founded by a Baptist minister who freed all his slaves.² Close by Symmes Creek lead folks up a freedom trail. Look left and Ohio's Underground Trails³ lead north from Greenup to Wheelersburg. Freedom a precious word to all of us. Freedom that people are willing to die for. Freedom that some only dream of. Freedom north beyond the Ohio River.

Lewis Barnes, a man marked as black by census takers, finally knew what freedom was. He also knew the trail and did not want his family to forget. So when his little girl was born in Boyd County at the close of the Civil War he named her Erie⁴ reminding him of the promise land. Hampton Mayo also knew where Canada was beyond the Ohio River and across larger waters where a network of folks helped friends and relatives to that freedom. Least folks forget how to get there and should his new found freedom be taken from him he named yet another little girl Lake Erie at Catlettsburg, Kentucky in 1868.⁵

All along the Ohio River tales of underground activity have been passed from generation to generation. Some documented some whispered. Not only stories of underground activity, but stories of the slaves have been told and retold. It is hard to believe that an interviewer for the WPA, Carl F. Hall, said "we were unable to find any records, in Boyd County, as to slave holders and their slaves, though it is known that many well to do families the Catletts, Davis, Poages, Williams and others were slave holders.''6 His narrative still managed, with lack of documentation, to be peppered with several stories involving Boyd County. Even during the Centennial of Catlettsburg it was thought that there were no records to substantiate slavery activity. How many stories are there whispering on the wind? How many can be documented in this modern day of research and 133+ years after the fact?

A Catlettsburg history relates that. John Culver's trusty slave, Uncle Elias, had been accused of being a runner and would neither deny or admit it. ''It was a fact that he helped the slaves to safety on Solida Creek in Ohio, where there was a refuge for runaway Solida Creek does empty into the Ohio River directly across from Clyffeside Branch, Ashland- From a refuge on Solida slaves could make their to Symmes Creek past Mt. Vemon and Olive Furnaces to Poke Patch on the Gallia County, Ohio line. If that was too dangerous they could follow the river to Wheelersburg and on to Portsmouth.

From a study of tax records it appears that John Culver had loss's among his own slaves. In 1839 Culver tithed three slaves. One oft hese would be Elias. By 1841 fourteen slaves are tallied. Then tax lists show a roller coaster inconsistency in numbers - 9, 11, 6, 9 - until 1848 '&hen six slaves remain until the settlement of Culver's estate. Either Culver had loss's and gains through transactions of slaves and/or Elias was helping friends, from even his very own master, to escape.

Culver left a will probated in 1858⁸ where the court inventoried five slaves: Elias valued at $400.00, Sam value $300., Fanny value $300., girls Hannah value $1000.00 and Martha value $1000. By the 1860 Federal Slave Census Boyd County widow Charlotte Culver is left the five slaves which are all again named. providing their ages. Elias was 56 years old. The other slaves were Sam 23, Fanny 67, Hannah 10 and Martha 20. Hannah and Martha are marked as mulatto.

Mrs. Culver maintained four slaves as the Civil War progressed. By 1867 Elias Culver, accused runner is a free "Negro" in Boyd County, Kentucky? He appears to be the same Elias using the surname Diggs in 1870 District #6 Catlettsburg residing next to the Culver family. Ages of slaves and past slaves appear inconsistent throughout records. At the time he gave his age as 64. He is marked as Mulatto, a mattress maker born in Indiana with a female named Deborah-67, born in Maryland.

Besides Elias we find Fanny Culver, now 82 years old, living next door to Mrs. Culver in 1870. Martha remained in Mrs- Culver's home with the surname Brown and two infant children.

Our second example tells of "...an underground agent for the Abolitionists who came to Catlettsburg to secure work with Mr. Bill Hampton, who owned many slaves. In a short time all his slaves escaped except Aunt Lucy and Aunt Isabella- This agent was caught and sentenced to serve a term in the pen.

William Hampton, a minister, was born in Cabell Co [W]VA in 1808 to William and Malinda Hampton. When he was approximately 3 years old the family moved to what was then Greenup County. At the death of William's father, his mother remarried to L. B. Sharp and removed to Missouri by 1836¹¹ . In 1833 Hampton is taxed for 3 slaves in Lawrence County, Kentucky He shows 1 slave in 1839 in Greenup County and no slaves thereafter until 1847 when he acquires another who is also gone by 1850.

William Hampton formed a company with John Culver and others to purchase property from James Wilson Fry- ⁿ This company was responsible for laying off part of Catlettsburg above Division Street. By 1860 William Hampton is still tithing three slaves. They were Isabella age 51, and Lucy 25, both mentioned in the story and Ransier a 10 month old mulatto.

Lucy's age is important when reviewing the story about being left behind when Hampton's slaves supposedly ran from this area. Lucy was born about 1835/6. Thus if such an escape of slaves occurred after she was born, according to the story, it would have been after 1835. A search of order books, civil and criminal Dockets for Greenup County as well as circuit records of Lawrence County and later formed Boyd County show several entries involving Hampton and of course his land transactions but none mention the conviction of a captured Abolitionist. In 1854 Hampton acted as guardian to the heirs of Anthony W. Ferguson involving 13 slaves. All 13 slaves were named in the inventory. ^[1] M'hen one of the guardian reports was filed in June 1864 it lists $9.48 for medical attention for slaves and $3.92 to John Kouns for a coffin for a Negro child. Nothing unusual seems to occur to any of these slaves under Hampton's guardianship of heirs.

We do know what happened to Hampton's slaves Aunt Isabella and Lucy. Isabella becomes Isabelle Fox residing in Catlettsburg in 1870. She is 65 years old, keeping house and born in Kentucky. Lucy Fox is 34 and hires out. Ransom Fox is a mulatto 11 years old living at their home born in Kentucky along with George Fox age 6. Isabella is still alive and states she is 80 years of age in 1880- Lucy now Williams is shown in the same household with Henry Williams a Mulatto age 50 born Virginia, George Fox age 18 cited as Isabella's grandson and a grand daughter Mary Williams age 9. ¹³ George married and resided in Boyd County and worked as a porter. He died on April I l, 1912 of organic heart disease. On his death certificate his wife was cited as informant. There was some confusion as to parentage as the father is listed as Lucie Williams and is marked out and Isabel Fox written in and the name of the mother Isabel Fox has been marked out and Lucie Williams written in. ¹⁴

Alexander Mead was a slave in Greenup County, Kentucky born in 1789. In a personal interview he stated that he got his liberty by buying it with his heels- He says he escaped in 1849. His owner was Benjamin Mead. What Alexander did not explain in the article was how and why he chose 1849 to run. We can safely assume he crossed the river near Ironton and made his way along the trail.¹⁶

Benjamin Mead and wife Elizabeth lived in the area now Raceland in Greenup County. While this area never became part of Boyd County the Mead's were actively involved in the Ashland area as well. Alexander also mentions his first wife Hanna Ford who died at Ashland, KY. After Benjamin Mead's death in 1821 ¹⁷ his wife continued to manage their affairs. When Elizabeth died in 1848 the filed estate included the division of slaves- Thirteen slaves were listed by name to be divided among seven heirs shattering the existence they had known. Alexander's name does not appear on the list- The names of the slaves are: Charlotte, Sarah, Eliah, Jane, Melian, America, Amanda, Reuben, Mary, a female named Anachy, Levi, Maria and William Rielly.

Lots were drawn to decide who would receive each. Elizabeth's son Benjamin F. Mead received Maria and William Rielly. In 1847 his first appearance on the tax list along with his mother shows that he is tithed for one slave. From 1848 through 1850 he is taxed for two slaves. With the addition of inheritance of two slaves he should have properly been taxed for three. It is this compiler's opinion that Alexander was given by Elizabeth to son Benjamin prior to her death and that he ran in 1848 arriving in Canada in 1849 as cited in his own personal interview.

Asberry Parker is cited in the Federal Writers' Project ⁱ⁹ concerning Boyd County. ne article tells that he traveled by night to Canada where he worked until he became wealthy. After the war he returned to Ironton: Ohio where he made his home for the rest of his life, The article does not say who his master was on the Kentucky side of the river.

The 4^th Ward, Ironton, Lawrence County, Ohio Federal Census for 1880 lists Asberry Parker born in [West] Virginia age 49 and       Hannah Parker age 45 born in Kentucky.

A property and slave owner also by the name of Hannah Parker resided in what was Greenup County, Kentucky. She placed a reward for one of her slaves, a male named George in a Scioto County based paper in 1855. The notice was signed by Moses McCoy of Greenup County, Kentucky.²⁰ Papers in Ohio ran many such ads including another ad involving what would become Boyd County, Kentucky on January 16, 1852. At that time John Wollman, of Catlettsburg. Kentucky offered a $100.00 reward for a Negro man, Ben, thirty years of age, five feet ten inches high.²¹ Wollman may have been John Wellman who had a large family near the Clay's and appears in early Lawrence County records.

George McVoide, is said to have belonged to the Poage family of Boyd County²² and also escaped to Canada but no further information is given about him. This may be George listed in the inventory of Eliza M. Poage in Greenup County, Kentucky along with another slave Daniel? Several members of the Poage family had slaves. In late June 1864 Ned an emancipated slave of Thomas H. Poage {s/o George and Ann Allen Poage} came forward in the Boyd County Court and made application for support stating that he was a pauper. The court being advised ruled against Jacob Rice Sr. the administrator of the estate of Jobe Davis.²⁴ Jobe Davis had put up security in a bond of emancipation of Ned in what at that time was the Carter County court. Davis had land holdings at Marsh Run near Cannonsburg. One of the Jobe Davis slaves, Caroline Davis died of burns in November 1853.²⁵

The slave narrative by Fannie Tippin born in Greenup County, Kentucky 10 July 1864 just two blocks from the bank of the Ohio River describes life with her owners as well as the slave auction block- Fannie tells of Mr. Doll Reed who bought her grandmother Eliza and two children Mary and Bill. Mary was Fannie Tippin's mother. She states that Mr. Reed tried to buy her grandfather from Mr. Bigg's who would not sell him. Reed would buy but never sell his slaves. Fannie's father belonged to a man named Lawson who drowned when she was small. Fannie talks with great respect about the Reed family which included two daughters Lucy and Annie Reed.²⁶

Adolphus L. Reid came from Virginia and settled on a farm near Gray's Branch²⁷ later moving from the farm to Greenup. He had five children by his first wife including the mentioned Lucy and Anna. A son Charles married and moved to Texas in the 1870's. Fanny Tippin gave her interview having also migrated to Texas at a later date.

In the interview Fanny gives a vivid description of Greenup's slave auction. "Reed Landing was a ware house with a gravel road down to the river bank- Between the ware house and the river was the trading block. It was platform about 20 x 30 feet. Slaves was bought and sold there, or auctioned off or swapped for more desirable things. It was a public trading place and shipping place. In bad weather they kept the grain and things they was going to ship in the ware house...'⁰⁸

Several slave auctions have been mentioned through the years in Boyd County. A slave block was said to have been in Catlettsburg on Center Street²⁹ where the Gallup Jewelry Store was at one time. This places the site across from or very near the courthouse. On December 22, 1863 Charles Guilky, jailer for Boyd County reported that one Jack Marlow, a runaway slave had been arrested and confined in the Boyd County Jail by Rhodes Weddington and that Jack had remained in jail and been advertised for six months. No person appeared to claim the slave. The court ordered that they should proceed to sell the slave according to law.³⁰ As with all sales ordered by the court the sale would take place at or near the doors of the courthouse.

Henry Riekert [1900-1994], owner of what is now called the Cedar Knoll area of Boyd County always proclaimed that there was a slave auction close to where US 60 intersects State Route 3291 in Boyd County- The tract of land which is described as near Cannonsburg was part of land known as the W. L. Geiger Farm.³¹ While this compiler could find no documentation citing a sale block the location would have been convenient for farmers that did own slaves residing in that part of the county. The well trod path leading from Ashland to Lawrence County passed through properties of Geiger, Colvin, the Eastham heirs, Davis, Kouns and Bolt families among others. In 1850 Geiger was listed with 4 slaves, Vincent Colvin 3, and among the Eastham's as many as I I slaves. Isaac Bolt tithed 6 slaves just across the line in Lawrence county. Shortly after the formation ofthe county of Boyd these gentleman along with others requested a survey for a road from Cannonsburg to Bolts Fork.³²

In 1860 W. L. Gieger, Vincent Colvin and Asa Bellew were appointed commissioners to divide the slaves of Edward Eastham then deceased.³³ Cannonsburg district seemingly has the largest slave activity in the area- During the Civil War Geiger indicates in his own diaries that Union officers and several companies also stayed at his place. In June of 1863 Geiger wrote that Ellington's Negros ran off but were caught. Certainly the Geiger farm was a central hub for that part of the county.

Riekert and adjoining property John G. Martin also told of a possible slave grave yard on a point to the left of what is now Jomar Road. Charles Leece a black widower, succumbed to flux, October 12, 1853 at Cannonsburg. His owner is recorded as W. L. Geiger-³⁴  While excavation and home development of the point on Jomar Road, in the 1970's and 80's gave no indication of any burials, those that died would logically be put to rest in close proximity. This knoll overlooks the area where the auction block was purportedly located.

Oral history also proclaims Fields Cemetery now overlooking Interstate 64 includes a section of slave burials. This property involved the Eastham family. Iby [nee McGuire] was the widow of Hartwell Eastham and ancestors to the Fields family. In the 1850 Greenup Slave enumeration Ibby Eastham had 3 slaves. Hartwell's grave along väth James W. Eastham are the earliest marked graves in the cemetery. These earliest graves are within a raised wall. To the left of this early family plot are as many as 20 unmarked/unidentified graves. Most are simply marked field stone. Today these very early graves are at the far end of the cemetery from what is now the entrance gate.

While auction blocks were scattered throughout the south for business, individuals retained agents to purchase and handle private transactions of slaves. Though it appears that those involving area residents did not always go smoothly. Susan Catlett brought suit against Richard Brown in 1840 in Lawrence County. Catlett stated that a slave, Dinah was being unjustly detained from her. R. M. Biggs of Greenup County testified that he sold the slave in controversy in Lawrence County to Susan Catlett by her agent Thomæs H. Martin'^S

Davis Montgomery of Claburn Co., Mississippi retained Samuel Craig as agent when purchasing a slave in Lawrence County, Kentucky, from Anthony Hampton in 1835. Anthony was a brother to William Hampton of Boyd County. Craig had debts including one to Mr. Catlett and while the slave was in his possession was taken in payment of the debt. The slave named Tempy was to then be sold at the courthouse steps in Louisa, Kentucky to satisfy debt. Anthony Hampton testified that he did sell a 25 year old Negro to Montgomery at the home of Samuel Craig. The sale was stopped and the case dismissed with costs and leave to draw original bill of sale on Craig.36

Not all freedom came from running. Emancipation papers could be signed either by the goodness of the owner and/or by purchasing freedom, of course with the owners permission. An example is the emancipation of Thomas Lawson about 54 years old in Greenup County Coult December 1846. The paper was signed by B.B. Metz, William I. Lawson, William Corns, B.B. Lawson, John McConnell and Joseph Hill."37 

Anticipated freedom could be changed at the master's will. James Lawson's will probated in 1845 in Greenup County*⁸ had several codicils involving handling of his slaves. The will states that Charlotte is to be freed at the death of his wife. Tom was to be freed at the decedents death. In an 1838 codicil Lawson stipulates that Charlotte was to receive $10.00 for every year of service when she is freed at the death of the decedent's wife. However, Tom is now to serve until the death of Lawson's wife instead of at James death.

Arthur Parker's 1837 stated that slave Jackson Boon was to serve one more year then be freed. Washington was to work until he earned what he cost unless Henry Parker from whom he was originally purchased wanted him back. Ryal and William were to be freed after they reached the age of 24 unless the sale of William and Ryal was needed to pay off debts.^{39 [2]}

Historical research is not without flaws. Interpretation of the records can change a historical event dramatically. Evelyn Jackson, Ashland historian stated in her research that "William Hood had a black son, Price Hood by his slave.''40  Did she utilize Carter County birth records to come to this conclusion? The film is not of best quality and had she compared the format of other entries by midwives she would have noted that they distinguish between son and slave. "Certificate In case of Birth. I hereby certify that on the 11^th day of December 1852 a male Mulatto child was born alive at full time at the house of William Hood on Garners fork. This child was the SLAVE of William Hood and [blankl late [blank] who reside on Garners fork of East fork in Carter County. The child was named Price. Dated 2 Feb 1853. Signed Mary Lambert, M.W. ⁴¹ This document alone does not make William Hood the father. The designation Mulatto does not automatically make the white owner the father. The registration just before states "son of' and the entry just after "daughter of" while the Hood entry clearly says "slave of." In 1860 Price is listed as age 6 and W. P. Hood as owner.

I have noted that entries of Mulattos and some blacks do not provide the mother's name. The column for paternal parent is labeled 'Name of father or Owner of Child''42 There were several Mulatto children born in 1852 including J. F. Wallace "slave of' William Geiger. In each instance the mother's name is not placed in the column designated for her when it involves slave ownership. Did Jackson have other documentation not readily available or discovered by this compiler? Did she possibly have oral "whisperings" that have long ago lost authorship?

As a compiler I am still hearing "whisperings." It is clear that Cannonsburg district and Catlettsburg played a greater role in slavery than did newly forming Ashland simply because of geography and development of the day. Whispers of houses in Catlettsburg that were used for the Underground Railroad with tunnels said to run to the river, even though the houses face and are within short distance from the Big Sandy River, still abound. In several cases ownership of the homes were tracked to people who had several slaves themselves neither proving nor disproving the stories. This compiler found no record of any person in what is now Boyd County, other than Elias, admitting to aide slaves. But who among neighbors would breathe a word of any such help or hiding places that would incriminate them when both Union and Confederate feelings were still pro - slavery and so strongly stated by Civil War Union hero General Gallup.

END NOTES

I . The Diaries of General George Gallup, September 12, 1864,

2.Betty Conley McGuire, Underground Railroad, Ashland Daily Independent, October 31, 1991.

3. Wilbur H. Siebert, Ohio 's Underground Trails, 1951, reprint 1993.

4.Boyd Co., KY 1870 Federal census, Catlettsburg District.

5.1bid

6.Federal Writers' Project, Born In Slavery: Slave Narratives, 1936-1938, Kentucky Narratives, Volume 7.

7-History and Program Commemorating the Founding ofthe City ofCatlettsburg, Kentucky, 1949, page 11.

8.Greenup Co., KY Will book 5 page 118.

9.Boyd co., KY Tax List Microfilm

10.1bid

11. Sheri Pettit, Extracts ofThe Christian Observer, page 18.

12.Nina Biggs, History ofGreenup County, Kentucky, 1951, page 313.

13.1880 United States Census, Upper Ashland, Boyd Co., KY T9-0404 page 209A.

14.Kentucky Death Certificate 1912 certificate 9153

15.Gage1, Diane VanSkiver; The Toledo News-Bees 4 June 1904, Ohio Genealogical Society REPORT 3713 (1997)

page 148.

16.Wilbur H. Siebert, Ohio's Underground Trails, 1951, reprint 1993.

17 -Evelyn S. Jackson, Boyd County Ancestors, Press Observer, 31 July 1975.

18.Greenup co., KY Will Book 2 page 213-

19Federal Writers' Project, Born In Slavery: Slave Narratives, 1936-1938, Kentucky Narratives, Volume 7.

20.Nelson W. Evans, History ofScioto County, Ohio, Volume 1 page 613.

21.1bid

22.1bid

23.Greenup Co., KY Will Book 4 page 394. Inventory.

24.Boyd Co., KY Court Order Book l.

25.Carter Co., KY Vital Statistics.

26.Federal Writers' Project, Born In Slavery: Slave Narratives, 1936-1938, Kentucky Narratives, Volume 7.

27-Nina Biggs, History ofGreenup County, Kentucky, 1951, page 247.

28.1bid

29.History and Program Commemorating the Founding ofthe City ofCatlettsburg, Kentucky, 1949, page I l.

30-Boyd Co., KY Coun Order book I page 159.

31 -Boyd Co, KY deed book 141 page 531 & 532 & deed book 160 page 145.

32.Boyd Co., KY Court Order book 1 page 51 and 82.

33. Eastern Kentucky References. Greenup Co land suit book, extracted by Evelyn S. Jackson page 141.

34.Kentucky Vital Records & Statistics 1852-1938 Greenup Co., KY Microfilm V158-10.

35 -Phoebe Anne Hale Webb, Lawrence County, Kentucky AnnotatedAbstracts ofCircuit Court Records 18211873. Page 46.

36.1bid

37-Greenup Co., KY Court Order Book H, Tree Shaker, Winter 1979, page 2.

38. Greenup Co., KY Will book 4 page 27

39-Greenup Co„ KY Will book 3 page 167.

40.1870 Federal Census ofBoyd County Kentucky Annotations by Evelyn Scyphers Jackson, 1998, page 28.

41 -Kentucky Vital Records & Statistics 1852-1938 Greenup Co., KY Microfilm VI 58-10.

42.Kentucky Vital Records & Statistics 1852-1938 Carter Co., KY Microfilm VI58-4.

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[1] Ferguson slaves: Caroline 30 & 3 children, John 10, Dan Tucker 8, George [Pudl 6, Lafayette 3, Willis 4, Jack 3, Sophia 6, America 34 and child 6/12

[2] 0ther slaves cited in Arthur Parker's will: Uriah, James value $300, Jane, Morgan, Erastus, Joseph,

James value $150.

Boyd County Kentucky Monographs I Ashland's Log House

Because of the Pandemic, I wish to share some of my past publications, as a gift. Hopefully it will occupy some time as we all stay at home.  Boyd County Kentucky Monographs I was published in 2004.    I will try to share more chapters in the next few days. Because it is a converted pdf there are a few line issues and errors which I have corrected where possible.

ASHLAND'S LOG HOUSE

Chronology & Historical Review

This article was compiled in 1999 for Ashland's Decorator's Showcase project by by Teresa Maltin Klaiber

Through the years the Ashland Daily Independent and history buffs have about a log structure at 621 12^th Street. Not only has it been reported as the oldest house^l in Ashland, Kentucky, but possibly the location of the first meeting of the Kentucky Iron Coal & Manufacturing stockholders.² It has been rumored that the structure was moved from another location. The street number has also been incorrectly cited as #612 and confused, because of ownership, with the house at #619 12^th Street. A review of articles and legal documents of Boyd County, Kentucky, reveals the history within the walls of Ashland's log house.

In May 1999, Mary Jo Burton presented the structure to the Ashland Board of City Commissioners who moved the log house to Central Park. The Ashland Daily Independent dutifully wrote about this historic move citing the structure as a "cabin."3 There is an inclination to call all log structures cabins. However, distinctions have been defined by early writers stating that the cabin was of rough log, while the log house was built to last longer of hewn timber-⁴ Both types of structures were often covered with clapboard. Dr. William Fiske⁵7 professor and avid historian, quickly points out that the log house is a two-story affair with an inner staircase. Thus, for this report, the structure will be referenced as a log house.

The log house was lifted from its foundation at #621 Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard [previously 12th Street] and placed on a new foundation within Central Park.. The plaque on the left-hand side of the entrance states that this is Ashland's oldest house, built about 1825 and restored in 1980 by Mr. and Mrs. S. B. Reynolds. S.B. and Eula Reynolds purchased the property from the Mary Frances Moriarty estate on July 26^th, 1962. ⁶

During the 1980's the log home was leased and open to the public in a retail capacity. Several business ventures included Hidden Treasures Country Crafts { 1989}; Season of Ashland Women's Clothing { 1988}; and Rags to Riches { 1982-1987}. Rags to Riches also housed Cross Stitch Plus and "The Log House." Next door, at #619 12th Street, visitors could step back in time at Pat's Antiques, Etc. ⁷

In 1979 the property record shows an application for a building permit to remove and rebuild the rear extension.⁸ This remodeled section was included in the move to Central Park in 1999. The property record adds a final notation "completely renovated - 1980."

The James Houck family resided in the house from 1972 through 1979. Talbert Smith is shown in residence at #621 from 1966 until 1970. Other resident leasers included David Sparks, Edward Salyers and Willard S. Grissler. The house was vacant several times during this period, as well? Mrs. Mary F. Moriarty, widow of John Moriarty lived, next door, at #619 12^th Street until her death.

Mary Francis Moriarty had inherited the properties of her late husband, in 1944, which included the home they lived in at #619, #621 12^th Street and other business properties. ¹⁰ John H. Moriarty was a prominent businessman in both Ashland and Ironton. He had been associated with Yellow Poplar Lumber Company in Ironton, Ohio and after retirement was involved in real estate in Ashland. ^Il

John Moriarty {son of Patrick & Margaret Whalen Moriarty) married Mary Francis Sullivan {daughter of William and Anne} in 1896. While they had no children of their own, John's will instructed that the residue of his estate, including real estate, at the time of his wife's death was to be divided among his nieces and nephews.²⁶ Mary died in December 1960 and was buried beside her husband in Sacred Heart Cemetery, Ironton. ¹²

The Moriarty family purchased the land that became #619 12^d1 Street from Julia McMahan¹³ in 1918. A house moved from the corner of Carter Avenue [#121] and 15^th Street prior to the construction of the Salvation Army building¹⁴ to 12^th Street became the Moriarty residence. This activity has added confusion concerning the history of the log house. John L. Smith of Catlettsburg, wrote that "one of the oldest houses in the city...the property of the late John Moriarty ...at 619, 12^th Street at one time was the home of the parents of Mrs. E. H. Townsend and Miss Poage ...Virginia branch of the Poages... Smith most likely meant the frame covered log house at #621 12^th Street since it was under the same ownership in 1944. This writer's theory that the two assigned street numbers were often confused is further validated since Mrs. E H. Townsend and Miss Poage were the children of Hugh Calvin Poage [s/o Thomas Hoge Poage and Nancy Frame Poage] and will be referenced further in this report.

Julia McMahan, elderly widow of Michael resided at #621 and was the Moriarty neighbor for several years. It is apparent that while they were neighbors, Julia McMahan had not discussed the longevity of her residence with the Moriarty family. When Mrs. Moriarty was interviewed, during Notation: bro-in-laws John A. Kelly, R.C. Daggett, Michael Dowling. her ownership, about the age of the house at #621, she stated she would rather not make a guess- ¹⁶ To assist Julia in her later years son J. William and a maid Jane Pennington resided with her^l7 in the {log} house. Mrs. McMahan died December 19, 1923. ¹⁸   For a short time after her death¹⁹, son William McMahan and R. L. Gilley continued to reside in the home- ²⁰ William died December 26, 1925. The remaining heirs were half-sister Ella {Derrick} and brother Edward McMahan. ²¹ Edward, a bachelor resided in Lebec, Kern County, California. The property was sold to Ashland National Bank.²²

John W. Moriaty purchased the property and log house for a mere $1.00 and the assumption of all taxes which would be due from National Bank, on January I I ^th, 1927 ²³ This was a good real estate purchase adjoining their own home at #619. The property was then rented to Mrs. Chatta Adkins who resided in the house until approximately 1932.²⁴ The house was vacant for several years when once again it was rented to George W. Conley {1937-38²⁵}. Claren White Smith lived one year in the home and Homer Dotson was in residency ²⁶ when John W. Moriarty died.

Julia McMahan and her husband, Michael [1818-1885] purchased the property, including the log house. at #621, in September 1868, for $500.00 from John Paul and Catherine H. Jones.²⁷ The property, at this time, was described as being on 5th Street.27

When the McMahan's purchased the property, they had four children: Edward, John, Frank and Ella. Shortly after taking up residency in the log house at #621 5^th Street son William [186919251 was born²⁸. The 1891 Special Census for Ashland, Kentucky shows Julia McMahon in block 24 between 1 and 12th with five other members in her family. [The 1897 Ashland City Directory gave the address as #617. This is the only citation located with that number designation.]

Michael McMahan had an increase in tax rates from a $600 value in 1872 to $1000 in 1874. This appears to confirm that the house was encased with a frame covering by McMahan 29 improving its value. As the town grew, they were still considered on the fringe of Ashland, with the earliest insurance maps stopping just short of the area where they owned. The family was in residence, in the log house, when Kentucky Legislature recognized Ashland as a city allowing for the election of city officers in 1876. They saw electric lighting furnished to the city in 1889 and the purchase of Central Park from KIC & Mfg in 1900. The 1907 Sanborn Insurance Maps, more importantly, show the home, complete with stoop, an addition in the rear, and several tiny out-buildings. Note: The street was originally named 5th' Street then 12^th Street and finally Martin Luther King Blvd.

The McMahan lot bounded by 5^th street and Montgomery is also marked, on original surveys created by engineer, M. T. Hilton. The map shows John Paul Jones owning property to the west and "Widow Jones" with property bounding J.P. Jones.³⁰ The deed from Jones to McMahan cites improvements and appurtenances. Accordingly improvements are an addition made to property amounting to more than repairs-³¹ Appurtenances is an indication that a structure was on location.

John Paul Jones purchased the property from Kentucky Iron, Coal and Manufacturing Company for $600.00 in March of 1868. This deed included the property sold to McMahan and the J.P. Jones lot bordering Widow Sarah Jones property. Verbiage included privileges and appurtenances as well as KIC's standard statement that there would be no sale of ardent spirits and other intoxicating drinks on the premises. The sale was duly recorded in the KIC sale of lots ledger now archived in the Boyd County Library,³² and the KIC Map Land Book page 133 describes it as 300 feet from Bath Avenue to Montgomery, thence to Mrs. Jones Line on Bath & Montgomery.

John Paul Jones was born in 1823 in Pennsylvania and described as a farmer.³³ He married Ann Amanda Jane Pogue [d/o William Lindsey and Ann McCormick Poage] on 3 February 1847. John and Ann had nine children. Ann died on 16 September 1865.³⁵ He then married Catherine {1839-1907}. Since Jones only held the property for a few months there is no indication that he ever resided in the log house on 5^th Street. When one of his daughter's, Harriet Milton Jones, died in May 1935 the obituary in the Ashland Daily Independent stated that she was born on the "old John Paul Jones farm west of Ashland...part of the original farm occupied by the west works of the American Rolling Mill Company."36 It does not appear that he moved while transacting the street sale.

There were two John Paul Jones - pioneers in the development of Ashland. John Paul Jones who sold the property at 5th Street interacted with "widow' Sarah Jones. Members of this Jones family, in Wisconsin, sold the adjoining property to John Paul in 1872. ³⁷ Sarah Jones, of Union Town, Fayette County, Pennsylvania had purchased property in May 1851, from Able Case described as adjoining Mrs. Nancy Poage's and to the lower corner of Richard Jones line. ..on the waters of Long Run...a few yards north of east of Bethesda Church. ³⁸

Richard Jones, cited in widow Jones deed, and his wife Jane {nee Coil) were the parents of the 2^nd John Paul Jones [born April 25, 1830, Ohio]. This John Paul and wife Cecelia {nee Veyssie - m. Nov. 29, 1855, Law. Co., OH} also purchased lots in Ashland in 1868 from KIC&Mfg including land between 1 I^th and 24^th Street³⁹ on Railroad and Broadway. One of the stipulations of KIC was the construction oftwo brick buildings.40 41 The lots on Broadway were later described as the Jones Block and conveyed to Jane at Richard's death along with the brick structures.⁴² The remainder of his large holdings were divided among heirs in 1860 by a court order in Greenup County, Kentucky.⁴³

John Paul Jones, with interest in property on 5^th Street, mother-in-law, as cited earlier, was a McCormick John Paul Jones, son of Richard, step-father was a McCormick {the widow Jane Coil Jones having married Samuel McCormick after Richard's death}. Compound research frustrations with the purchase of 1505 ¹/2 hundred acres by KIC and Poage's vast land holdings with disputes; tracking the lineage of one log structure becomes tedious at best.

PART 11

A small clue showing the KIC holdings, including the property we know as #621, is a manuscript in the holdings of the Historical Society at the Boyd County Public Library, written by J.C. Bayless⁴⁴. Bayless indicated that Thomas Hoge Poage was said to have built a two story log house, afterwards sheeted on the outside, at now about Montgomery Avenue and 12^th Street, later moved across Montgomery Avenue when Ashland streets were laid out. Bayless statement has some validity. The house was indeed built by a Poage, as will be shown further in this report - but was not built by Thomas Hoge Poage. It is easy to confuse the many Poage family members, especially since more than one crossed the threshold of the log house. However, Thomas Hoge Poage was the father of Hugh Calvin Poage⁴⁵ and grandfather to Mrs- E. H. {Ernest H. } Townsend cited earlier in this report. His spouse Nancy {nee Frame} being the same bounding the lands of Widow Sarah Jones in 1851.

The majority of the deed transactions made by Kentucky Iron and Coal Manufacturing are found in Greenup County, Kentucky deed book L in 1853 and 1854. KIC purchased 15 ¹/2 acres of land from Hugh Calvin and George Samuel Poage on March 27, 1854. But the parcel of land referred to as #621 5th/ 12th Street, Ashland, Kentucky, in this report, was not officially recorded until 1891 in Boyd County.⁴⁶ The Poage's purchased the property on October 5, 1853 from their mother Nancy.⁴⁷ When it was sold to KIC the property is described as being near Bethesda Church and in possession of Mrs. Nancy Poage. The deed cites it as a farm and that "the company binds itself to sell to Hugh C. Poage and George S. Poage a lot on which the present dwelling house now occupied by Mrs. Nancy Poage may stand.... as soon as lots may be laid off and got ready for sale provided a street does not run where it stands..."⁴⁸ A review of city minutes gave no indication of any structures being moved when the streets were laid out.

While KIC owned the property, the leaders of Ashland were meeting regularly, creating ordinances for the welfare of the community. In August 1858 the Ashland Board of Trustees made it unlawful for any stove pipe to pass through a floor, side or roof of a building without entering a flue which had to be on the inside and brick laid flat with the joint and fille and the inside well plastered,"

Nancy A. Poage purchased the 15 ¹/2 acres on 30 November 1846 from Abel Case, being in line with Richard Jones land and including appurtenances" Her property, as stated earlier, is cited in the widow Sarah Jones deed in 1851.

Nancy, who had been active in the Inductive Seminary ⁵¹ , was left a widow in January 1839. ⁵² Her husband Thomas Hoge Poage died in Victoria, Texas with yellow fever, leaving Nancy with several small children including Hugh Calvin [baptized November 1829?³ Bethesda Church]. Hugh Calvin was said to have been born within Poage Settlement. According to The Descendants of Robert and John Poage, Volume One, 1954, page 210 Thomas Hoge Poage lived on the Ohio adjoining his father's property. ⁵⁴ A later transaction of the heirs of Thomas also confirm that he resided on the bank of the Ohio next to George Poage⁵⁵

Since we find no indication that Nancy paid any tax from the time of her husband's death until her purchase of the Case property in 1846⁵⁶ we must assume that her earlier tax's were embedded in that of the large Poage holdings, taxed to heirs of George after his death in 1821. The 15 h acres described on the waters of Long Run appear in her name from 1847 until 1854. During the years that Nancy owned the property the value increased in value from 360 to 750.

Another informative article appeared in the Ashland Daily Independent on February 23, 1930 after the death of Mrs. Sarah E. {Davenport} Poage. The article says the Poage pioneers George, Robert and Robert Jr. located land and built one house near where Twenty-eighth Street is now {1930), another at about Eleventh Street and another down about where Armco plant is now located. Sarah Davenport married Hugh Calvin Poage on January 27^th, 1853. The day after the marriage they went to the home of her husband's mother, which was described in one article on Bath Avenue. This old place was a log house and in it was a winding stairway...the old home...is still standing. It is located near the home of Mrs. Wm. M. Salisbury... [1100 Bath Avenue]. It has been weather boarded and modernized to some extent..." While the log structure we know as #621 does not have a "winding stairway" the existing stairway is unusual. Standing on the landing you may take two steps up to the left or two steps up to the right to the room on the right. Or you may turn around the banister corner and take two steps up to a room that leads to the upper outside front door.

Nancy did not sell the property to her sons until October 1853. This, first hand story, places a two story structure, complete with staircase within the 15  acres prior to the sale. 1853 was a beehive of activity. Besides the wedding earlier in the year, a group of leading citizens met at the home of Mrs. Hugh Calvin Poage under the leadership of William T. Nicholls to raise money to buy the right-of- way for a rail road to run to Poage Settlement. The outcome was the formation of Kentucky Iron and Coal Rail Road with Mr. Nicholls presiding over local work. ⁵⁷ According to notations gleaned from some of the gentlemen mentioned, this was the 2^nd meeting of most of the group. 58

Mr. and Mrs. Hugh Calvin Poage are said to have entertained, the promoters of the project after the land company formed and the city named, with a dinner at the old home place of Mrs. Nancy Allen Poage, mother of Mr. Hugh Calvin Poage. Again the structure is described as a weather boarded jog home ... back of Bath Avenue across the street from the John Russell home on 12th and Bath." The description is a bit deceptive as the structure on 12th was placed on the lot closer to Montgomery which could easily be, described as back of Bath Avenue.

After Poage's sons sold the property Boyd County Circuit  shows a judgement was made over the dispute of lots. The outcome was a sale of pan of lot 4 which was on Front Street near Broadway in April 1866 ^{60 61} dispelling the rumored stories that the log house was moved from near the river edge to 12th Street, when it appears Nancy moved from 12^th to Front near Broadway. Two years later, Nancy purchased lot 37, the northerly corner of Bath and Third Street from Kentucky Iron and Coal.⁶²

Like Nancy Poage, the earlier owner of the property, Abel Case, was interested in education, having founded the first high school in the Beech Grove section. ⁶³ Case a Presbyterian minister,64 of Greenup County, purchased the 15 h acre property on 30^th August 1845 from Rev. Charles Phillips of Scott County, Kentucky. This deed describes the property at the corner of George Poage's land. [George also owned the property surrounding & including Bethesda Church. Bethesda Church was accepted out and his heirs sold the remainder to KIC in 1854.⁶⁵] It included all premises, improvements, rights and privileges. ⁶⁶ Able Case died in 1851 at the age of 39.⁶⁷ His widow Martha remarried to J.M. Burke. ⁶⁸ Daughter Helen Case sold another portion of the estate beginning near the Academy to John Means in 1872. ⁶⁹

Charles Phillips, of Clark County, Kentucky, purchased the property from James and Jemima Poage of Cabell County, Virginia in 1839.⁷⁰ The property was described as near the Ohio River adjacent to Bethesda Church lot. The property contained 24 % acres at this time and included a house and barn where the said Poages formerly lived.^[1] Bethesda Church lot donated by George Poage Jr. contained a brick structure built in 1828 "just back of present Bayless School. Bayless Sch001^[2] was located  10th and Central Avenue, placing the log structure property in the Beech Grove Section, south of Central near the academy property and the end of Bath Avenue.

A story appearing in The History of Ashland, Kentucky 1786 to 1954⁷² states that Phillips began building a house for a bride-to-be but the lady broke the engagement and then the house was badly damaged by fire so that he resigned his pastorate in 1835 and returned to Central Kentucky as a bachelor. ⁷³ Abel Case purchased what is described as a partially burned brick house at the end of Bath Avenue⁷⁴ later known as the McKenzie estate. This house still standing today became part of Helen Case's estate This writer can only wonder if both Phillips and Case may have lived in the log structure while the brick home was under construction.

James Poage married Jemima McCormick [d/o James McCormack] in 1821,⁷⁵ in Cabell County [W]Virginia. ⁷⁰ James was the brother of William Poage who married Ann McCormick. ⁷⁷ Both James and  brought their brides to Greenup County and were very active in the Presbyterian Church. Two of James and Jemima's sons were baptized as infants in the original log Bethesda Church in August of 1827⁷⁸. Daughter, Sarah Jane, was baptized in 1829⁷⁹ in the newly built brick church which was described as adjacent to James property line.

The Poages who acquired interest in a portion of the Savage Grant in Cabell County were dismissed from Bethesda and moved to farms in that area close to other McCormick family members. William and his wife also moved to Cabell County. James and Jemima described , the house and barn their tiny children were born in, when they sold to Phillips. Both Poage brothers became early elders of the Western Church of the Greenbrier Presbytery which was formed in Cabell County,^go before moving yet again westward to Missouri.

William and James were children of Robert and Mary Hopkins Poage. Robert, from Augusta County, Virginia, was a surveyor and died in 1810. Robert's will written in Greenup County was abstracted by the Boyd County Abstract Company⁸¹ and states "as the situation of my land is in a difficult situation it is my will that my wife shall compromise disputes, , buy land...., or sell any other property, in short it is my will that my wife shall have the same power to manage my estate in all respects as I could do." This statement describes the land holdings that would be involved with KIC and the formation of Ashland in very simple words. The boundaries and claims of both Robert and George Poage were brought before the courts several times and deeds needed clarified as time progressed-

It is said that Robert did not come to Kentucky until 1800. He is shown on the 1806 Greenup County tax lists. ⁸² Son James appears on the 1820 Census for Greenup County prior to his marriage to Jemima. It is easy to assume that James left his father's home, creating his own after he returned to Greenup County with his bride.

CONCLUSIONS

The brass plaque historically marking the log house in Central Park indicates that it was built around 1825. It could easily be assumed that the house was built by James Poage between 1821 and the baptism of his child in 1827. Verification can not be made because of the loss of tax records for this time frame. The first written mention of the house is in the Phillips deed in 1839.

Deed descriptions of the property place it within Beech Grove, near the academy and touching what has become known as the Bayless School lots. A description, earlier in this report, citing 11th Street at the end of Bath Avenue appears to be the most accurate. Thus the house moved within Beech Grove to 5^th Street after the streets were laid out and moved a 2^nd time to Central Park.

 Modifications, such as the siding in 1872, can easily be determined. However, one can see many other  alterations to the structure[1999]- Donald Hutslar³⁰, retired lecturer with the Department of Architecture at Ohio State University, and renowned author on the origin and development of log architecture in Ohio, graciously has reviewed photographs of the structure. Mr. Hutslar points out that many of the logs have been replaced.

In his report Hutslar states that the staircase reminded him of those of the 1830's or 40s in Ohio. He states "I have a feeling that the staircase is original but not the arrangement with the doorways to the bedrooms. That 2^nd floor doorway was certainly a window....a hunch that the staircase led to the landing, then turned " ⁸³   His observations place the original staircase within 5/7 years of the brass plaque and research in this report. Hutslar goes on to say that "the spindles remind me of the 1870s... It is not hard for readers to make the leap that when McMahan sided the outside of the structure he also did "renovations inside the home.

Having viewed the structure and taken photos one of the strongest questions this researcher had concerned a crosswall showing by the front entrance door. Donald Hutsler commented that it was necessary because of the length of the the structure and a "fairly common technique in western Ohio ...mid 1830s to 1860s. Once again, his statements place the earliest date within a few years of our research data. When commenting on the brass plaque Hutsler stated "I would feel better if it was ten years later, though that is relative to Ohio examples." With so many modifications and moving of the structure this researcher is confident that we are in the right time frame.

The interior of the house has been modified many times. It is now covered with dry wall making any historical study nearly impossible without damaging this "cover." The windows have been replaced, the upper door most likely was a window converted to a door, possibly when the staircase was modified. The fireplaces have been modified and grates changed with time.

The most basic question asked by Mr. Hutsler was concerning a separate kitchen or summer kitchen. When this research began Mr. James Powers, director of the library, and others were under the impression that the rear extension was a much newer modification. However, review of insurance maps and KIC maps show the house on site at 5^d1 Street with extension, leading this researcher to believe it senned for many years as the kitchen. It may have been a separate structure before Nancy Poage acquired it. The site on 5^th street has been bulldozed and street adjustments made in such a manner that one cannot find remains of early foundation materials.A house with such a long history is allowed to keep a few secrets. 

ASHLAND'S LOG HOUSE END NOTES

1.    Oldest House in Ashland Puzzle Is Unsolved;..." Ashland Daily Independent clipping, undated, Arnold Hanner Coilection, Boyd County Public Library.

2.    A History of Ashland, Kentucky 1786 to 1954, page 60.

3.    "City Oks MovingCabintoPaik"Ash1and Daily Independent, May 21, 1999.

4.    The Architecture of Migratjon„ Donald Hutslar, 1986.

5.    Dr. Wiilliam Fiske, Muskingum Coiiege, New Concord, OH i 9935 oral interview with researcher.

6.    Boyd County, KY deed book 384-265.

7.    Ashland City Directory Collection, Boyd County Public Library, Ashland, KY.

8.    Ashland, KY, Property Record Card I of 2, 18111600 00120621, Boyd County Public Library, cabinet 265.

9.    Ashland City Directory collection 1989-1960, Boyd County Public Lirary, Ashland, KY.

10. Boyd County Will Book 6 page 321-

11. Moriarty Obituary, Ashland Daily Independent, November 18, 1943.

12. Moriarty Obituary, Ashland Daily Independent, December 29, 1960.

13.     Boyd County, KY deed book 69 page 551.

14.     Historic Preservation Plan For Ashland, KY, Edward A. Chappell, 1978, page 117.

15.     The Early History of Boyd County, John L. Smith, reading before Poage Chapter DAR, 15 Feb. 1944.

16- "Oldest House In Ashland Puzzle Is Unusolved;-.." Ashland Daily Independent, clipping, undated Arnold Hanner Collection, Boyd County Public

Library-

17.  United States Federal Census, Boyd County, KY, Ashland house 622.

18.  Kentucky Vital Statistic Index-

19.  Boyd County, KY Will book 3 page 301.

20. Ashland City Directory 1924-25.

21.  Boyd County, KY deed book 110 page 125.

22.  Boyd County, KY Deed book 110 page 120.

23, Boyd County, KY Deed book 125 page 193-

24. Ashland, KY City Directories 1929, 1930, 1933-34.

25, Ashland, KY City Directory 1937-38.

26.  Ashiand, KY City Directories 1942, 1944.

27.  Boyd County, KY deed book 7 page 20.

28.  Boyd County, KY 1870 Annotated Census, Evelyn S. Jackson, house 186/186.

29.  "Oldest House In Ashland Puzzle Is Unsolved;...'t Ashland Daily Independent clipping, undated, Arnold Hanner collection, boyd County Public Library-

30.  M.T. Hilton Survey, Boyd County Public Library, Special Collections A-37.

31.  Black 's Law Dictionary, 3^rd Edition. page 927.

32.  Kentucky Iron and Coal Sale of Lots and Lands, page "J. Paul Jones I acre range 6 W." Boyd County Public Librany Archive Collection.

33.  Federal Census Boyd County, KY 1860, Annotated , Evelyn s. Jackson.

34.  Descendants of Robert and John Poage, Volume One, 1954, page 941 ,

35.  ibid.

36.  Jones Obituary, Ashland Daily Independent, May 21, 1935.

37.  Boyd County, KY, deéd book S page 276.

38.  Greenup County, KY deed book K page 485.

39- ofAsh1and," May 3, 1936.

40.   Greenup County, KY deed book L page 378.

41.   Boyd Counti, KY deed book 3 page 454.

42.   Boyd County, KY will book I page 156.

43.   Greenup County, KY deed book I page 145,

44.   J.C. Bayless, Ashland, Histoyy, OHR vf, Boyd County Public Library, undated.

45.   Descendants of Robert and John Poage, volume One, 1954, page 275.

46.   Boyd County, Ky deed book 19 page 380.

47.   Greenup County, KY deed book L page 120.

48.   Boyd County, Ky deed book 19 page 381.

49   City o f Ashland Board of Trustees Minutes, Book I page 9.

50   _ Greenup County, KY deed book H page 444

51.  History o f Ashland, KY 1786 to 1954, Centennial Souvenir, page 6.

52.  Descendants of Robert and John Poage, volume One, 1954, page 275 and 210.

53- Bethesda Church record* Eastern Kentucky References, Evelyn S. Jackson, p. 23.

54. Descendants of Robert andJohn Poage, Volume One, 1954, page 275 and 210.

55- Boyd County, KY deed book 4 page 253.

56. Greenup County, KY tax      i 839-1857, AGEE microfilm V20-0i45-

57. "Ashland - On Ohio," R.C. Hall- OHRF, Boyd County Public Library, cabinet 263. 58- Original notations, R.C. Hali, OHRF, Boyd County Pubiie Library, cabinet 263.

_59_ History of Ashland 1786-1938, Ashland Daily Independent, Feb. 6, 1938.

60.  Boyd County, KY deed book 3 page 59.

61.  Boyd County, KY Circuit Court Minutes, microfilm C0989460.

62.  Boyd County, KY deed book 3 page 562.

63.  History of Ashland, K}' 1786 to 1954, Centennial Souvenir, page 6.

64.  | 850 Greenup County, KY Fderal Census house 558,

65.  Greenup County, KY deed book L page 19766. Greenup County, KY deed book 11 page 264.

67.  Ashland's Past A Pictorial History ! 776-1976 page 62,

68.  Boyd County, KY deed book 5 page 187.

69.  Boyd County, KY deed book I page 188.

70.  Greenup County, KY deed book G page 152.

71.  A History of Ashland, Kentucky 1786 to 1954, page 6.

72.  Ibid page 60.

73.  Ibid.

74.  Ibid.

75.  The Descendants of Robert and John Poage Woodworth, Volume 1 page 139.

76.  Cabell County [WV Virginia Marriages 1809-1850, Carrie Eldridge, page 34.

77, ibid

78.  Eastern Kentucky References, Evelyn Jackson and William Talley, page 22.

79.  Ibid page 23.

80.  Cabell County Annals and Families, George Selden Wallace, page 308.

81.  Boyd County Abstract Co., May 1895, R.I.. Brown, Secretary, Original Records, Cabinet 264, Boyd County Public Library.

82., Greenup County, Kentucky Tax Lists 1806, compiled from Original records in the Boyd County Historical Society...collection, winder Genealogy Room.. -Boyd County Public Library.

83. Donald A- Hutslar, Worthington, OH, correspondence to compiler, 11 December, 1999.

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